Margaret Pole, Tudor Matriarch and Martyr

Lord Of The Flies And Night Comparison Essay - 822 Words

The corruption of mankind is caused by the innate characteristics of sin, chaotic evil, and compulsive urge for wrongdoing. In the novels, Lord of the Flies by William Golding and Night by Elie Wiesel portrays the potential of evil in every person. In Lord of the Flies, a group of schoolboys become stranded on an island and seeks ways to hope for them to survive until they are found and rescued. The lack of resources causes conflicts into who should survive and receive the benefit of these items. The book Night depicts the horrific event of the Holocaust and the story of Elie, a survivor and his journey through the camp. The book reflects the inhumane actions of the Germans towards the Jews and other prisoners and how their life was taken†¦show more content†¦Night by Elie Wiesel reflects the inherent of evil in mankind by the cruelty of the Nazi Germans towards the Jews and the prisoners towards one another. â€Å"Their fingers on the triggers, they did not deprive themsel ves of the pleasure† (Wiesel 85). The SS officers were ordered to shoot anyone who stopped or appeared exhausted during the march and shot them like dogs. The prisoners were human just like them and being able to shoot someone of the same entity demonstrates how far mankind has come to holding malevolent behavior in their actions and how it’s something they are not taught, but as something born in them. In addition not only did the SS officers detained this violent inhumane conduct but the prisoners even turned against one another for the sake of their self-fulfillment. â€Å"Our nerves had reached a breaking point...a few men forced her to sit down, then bound and gagged her† (Wiesel 26). The prisoners were irritated at the mad woman on the cattle car screeching and wailing and couldn’t bear her shriek and immediately took action into killing her for their own contentment. In similarity to the SS officers, the prisoners did not have a rationale for their actions indicates the corruption of mankind. Regarding the baleful characteristic, the novels Night and Lord of the Flies compare inShow MoreRelatedLord Of The Flies, And Animal Farm, By George Orwell1076 Words   |  5 PagesComparison Essay In the world we tend to think that there are good individuals and there are bad individuals, but in Lord of the Flies, by William Golding, and Animal Farm, by George Orwell, it is proven that even the purest of individuals have evil within them. Orwell and Golding take children and animals, two kinds of individuals that are supposed to be sweet, honest and good, and turn them into crazy, sadistic, corrupted members of society. This proves that evil is in everyone, and is demonstratedRead More The Nature of Death in Emily Dickinsons Poems Essay2263 Words   |  10 PagesEmily Dickinson once said, â€Å"Dying is a wild night and a new road.† Some people welcome death with open arms while others cower in fear when confronted in the arms of death. Through the use of ambiguity, metaphors, personification and paradoxes Emily Dickinson still gives readers a sense of vagueness on how she feels about dying. Emily Dickinson inventively expresses the nature of death in the poems, â⠂¬Å"I felt a Funeral, in my Brain (280)†, â€Å"I Heard a fly Buzz—When I Died—(465)â€Å" and â€Å"Because I couldRead MoreThe Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet1172 Words   |  5 PagesElizabethan era; there was a significant change in religion, family and politics. Attitudes and key scenes highlight the theme of love in difficult circumstances and prepare the audience for Romeo and Juliet’s suicides at the end of the play. In this essay I will be exploring the ways Shakespeare presents characters in difficult situations. In Act 1 Scene 1 Shakespeare presents Romeo as a depressed teenager that faces a difficult situation when Rosaline rejects Romeo’s love for her. This is becauseRead MoreAnalysis Of The Adventures Of Pinocchio By Carlo Collodi1537 Words   |  7 Pagesone or several words; specifically, repetition of a word that ends one clause at the beginning of the next.† â€Å"https://mcl.as.uky.edu/glossary-rhetorical-terms† â€Å"The mountains look on Marathon – And Marathon looks on the sea†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The Isles of Greece by Lord Byron 4 anaphora â€Å"Repetition of a word, phrase, or clause at the beginning of two or more sentences in a row.† â€Å"https://quizlet.com/302172/rhetorical-terms-flash-cards/† â€Å"Five years have passed; Five summers, with the length of Five long winters! andRead MoreEssay Writing9260 Words   |  38 PagesThe Essay Writing Process In Greek legend, the goddess of wisdom, Athena, was born fully armed from the head of Zeus. Unfortunately, this is the only recorded instance of instant wisdom. Especially in the medium of the written word, the communication of complex ideas is a process—a process that requires thinking and rethinking, working and reworking. The student who claims to have dashed off an A essay at one in the morning the night before it was due is either a liar or a genius. ThisRead MoreStudy Guide Literary Terms7657 Words   |  31 Pagesfollowing line from Robert Frosts poem Acquainted with the Night provides us with an example of alliteration,: I have stood still and stopped the sound of feet. The repetition of the s sound creates a sense of quiet, reinforcing the meaning of the line 3. allegory – Where every aspect of a story is representative, usually symbolic, of something else, usually a larger abstract concept or important historical/geopolitical event. Lord of the Flies provides a compelling allegory of human nature, illustratingRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s The Road 3871 Words   |  16 PagesINTRODUCTION â€Å"Lord of the Flies† by William Golding, â€Å"1984† by George Orwell, â€Å"The Time Machine† by H.G. Wells and â€Å"A Brave New World† by Aldous Huxley are all novels of the dystopian genre, that explore a post-apocalyptic world. The genre of the post-apocalypse is becoming ever more popular in the post World War Two English speaking world. The authors of these novels I feel, have a very distinct voice and style they create themselves to explore this world. A recent novel that really struck meRead MoreReview Of Charlotte Bronte s Jane Eyre 10879 Words   |  44 Pagesrespected. Georgiana, who had a spoiled temper, †¦ was universally indulged...John no one thwarted...I dared commit no fault: I strove to fulfil every duty; and I was termed naughty and tiresome, sullen and sneaking, from morning to noon, and from noon to night†¦ ‘Unjust!-- unjust!’ said my reason† (18-19). â€Å"Speak I must: I had been trodden on severely, and I must turn† (43). Passionate â€Å"Here, leaning over the banister, I cried out suddenly, and without at all deliberating on my words-- ‘They are not fit toRead MoreThe Purpose of the Biblical Flood narrative1977 Words   |  8 Pagesit as a story and allow it to play on our imagination so that we discover its deep reality† (Woods 2014) whilst also taking into consideration the context and audience for which it was originally intended, to discover its theological purpose. This essay will not only address its overall theological purpose but also concentrate on the history associated with the narrative in regards to its origin using geographical reasoning, reference and com parison of similarities and differences of other culturalRead MoreEssay on Is Satan the Epic Hero in Paradise Lost?2123 Words   |  9 Pageswho the epic hero of the bible is. In John Milton’s poem â€Å" Paradise Lost,† the lines between good and evil are blurred, despite Milton’s proclamation of writing th is poem to justify God’s ways to the world through the voice of the Holy Spirit. This essay will examine whether or not Milton justified his God’s ways, and if his ways were not justified was Satan the epic hero of the poem. Many epic writings are written with a muse in mind. Some authors write with the inspiration of a beautiful woman

Persuasive Letter Free Essays

09/16/2012 Ms. June Watkins Principal Lone High School 12345 Out There Road Somewhere, KY 54321 Dear Ms. Watkins: It has come to my attention that the students of this school, in particular the incoming freshman, will be required to use IPads during this school year. We will write a custom essay sample on Persuasive Letter or any similar topic only for you Order Now The idea of using such technology is an advantage in some cases, like the continual ability to stay informed through the internet and the light weight of the device. However, there are other situations where IPads, being the only source for information, resources, and school supplies, are inappropriate for our students. Thus, I ask for your consideration in not implementing such devices in this school. First, we must consider the finances of most of the students and parents in this district. The option for payment of the device is given at the end of their high school careers with the school making the initial payment; however, the device could be outdated or broken by that time. What happens if one of the devices breaks during the school year or at any time during high school? Do the parents pay for the broken IPad as well a new one? Second, the students will be using the IPads at all points in time during school and at home. How will the issues of social networking, instant chat, and random browsing of the internet during class time be addressed? Students would need extreme restriction because of the inappropriate use of the internet; will there be a limitation set on the devices, and is it even possible to restrict the device? Lastly, I want to address the issue of word study and research by use of an IPad. Although there are many sources in which a student can gain more literacy, there are many more that encourage the use of poor grammar and spelling. Many times students rely on the computer to spit out the correct spelling, meaning, and content without the understanding that there are reliable and unreliable sources. How can we implement a device that goes against what we are trying to teach our students? With all of the positive uses of the IPad, there are an equal amount of negative uses for the same device. I hope you consider the points I have given before implementing such a major change in the school that will affect all students, teachers, and parents in this district. Thank you for your time. Sincerely, How to cite Persuasive Letter, Essays

Puma for Dongguan Surpassing Co.Ltd - myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about thePuma for Dongguan Surpassing Co.Ltd. Answer: Introduction; statement of the problem and objectives PUMA is a German-based multinational company dealing with athletic wear and casual footwear. Puma was founded in 1948 by Rudolf Dassler (Palepu et al., 2007). In the last thirty years, the production of sports shoes has experienced tremendous changes in many aspects in America and Europe. One of the major aspects was the increase in the production cost (Passerini, 2014). For this reason, many companies ought to find ways to reduce the production cost. In this regard, companies relocated their factories to other countries in Asia such as China where both cheap labor and cheap raw materials are available. PUMA, in its wisdom, began to subcontract small companies such as Dongguan Surpassing Shoe Co. Ltd. An investigation which was conducted by China Labor Watch (CLW) revealed a devastating report on PUMAs conduct at Dongguan Surpassing Shoe Co. Ltd. The company employs six thousand workers on a normal season work period and ten thousand workers during a high season. This report came after PUMA was found to have the same problems at its other supplier in Taiway Sports, Inc. It was disappointing to note that PUMA took corrective measures at Taiway Sports, Inc. and forgot its other suppliers. Some of the destructive findings at Dongguan Surpassing Shoe Co. Ltd included excessive overtime where workers were forced to work over twelve hours all days of the week, poor pay of sixty-four cents per hour, excessive fines for refusal to work overtime, poor dormitory condition, unhygienic food, and poor disposal mechanisms where glue and paint are released into the sewer. This problem is a reflection of the whole face of PUMAs suppliers general condition. It is important that PUMA focuses its priority on ethical functionalities. The objectives of this paper are to: Establish reasons for devastating ethical conduct at PUMA. Provide ways where work and living conditions of workers can be improved. Determine the legal working hours in China as per international standards. Provide ways that PUMA can engage in corporate social responsibility to redeem its image. Develop a sufficient program that can be able to help in balancing workers schedule. Literature review As per (D'heur, 2015), in the societal aspect, the topic of value creation has been a topic of discussion whenever a company is faced with a scandal such as poor working conditions. It is extremely intriguing that the reaction of a company in such as scandal is the immediate utterances of the companys side of conducts. This is devoid of solving the underlying problems. Regardless of most companies interest in sustainability, there are usually slow to act on issues claiming that most issues are beyond their corporate control. In his bid to have responsibility across supply chain PUMAs CEO Jochen Zeitz, introduced that concept of product, environment, supply chain, and the society (Jain, 2004). This is where the company assumes the responsibility for the collection of raw materials up to when the goods reach the consumer. Recently, the sports ware company PUMA has developed sustainability platform dubbed as PUMA vision. This is in the view that the company will improve at overall operational processes both externally and internally by taking into account the social, economic and environmental conditions. According to (Willard and Hitchcock, 2015), as much as such sustainability measures have cost PUMA to dig deep in into their accounts, its customer base has increased rapidly. PUMA made a resolution, that in the coming years, half of its international collection will be produced reflecting the international sustainability standards. This implies that most of PUMAs product will be produced using sustainable materials such as recycled polyesters and also in ensuring that its suppliers use sustainable products as well (OECD, 2001). This commitment was largely welcomed since it will put more companies under pressure to do the same. Kuhn, (2011) puts it clear that, before the arrival of sports shoes companies arrive in Asian countries such as China, the shoe industry was state-owned companies which produced for the local market. After China opened up its market in 1984, there was an influx of shoemaking industry in Taiwan and Hong Kong. For this reason, China is currently the world largest shoe producer, thus shoe making multinational companies seek partnership in China for subcontracting (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, 2005). The fact that there are many multinationals in China for shoemaking, poor conditions for work are imminent because, multinationals such as PUMA, dictate the pay rates and work conditions which are accepted or a subcontractor lose a contract. Methodology Almost all factories in China are located in southern China, where most workers are from the rural areas who come to urban areas to look for money. This implies that most workers are composed of young men and women aged seventeen to thirty years. These people have a low level of education hence are unaware of their rights as workers. The paper will put interviews as one of the methods of collecting data to get correct information. Also, the fact that the level of education of the workers who will be the main respondents is low, one on one interaction will be important. The interview will be conducted between June and July when working low season so as to find more respondents. Questions to be asked in the interview will include, the working hours, safety and health issues and their knowledge of trade unions. To get the gist of the real issues as pointed out by China Labor Watch (CLW), observation will be used. One of the areas to be observed will be the dormitories to establish the living conditions. Also, the food at the canteen will also be observed in order to establish the hygiene of the food. Since the element of mistrust must be present, questionnaires will be used, with assistance. This is because as much as their jobs are hard, they do not want to lose them. The same questions asked on interviews will be applied in the questionnaire so as to collect more data. Conclusion According to PUMAs core values, workers are supposed to be treated with dignity and value. However, this is not reflected with the Chinese workers. Being such a big multinational company, PUMA should ensure that it makes necessary that rights of workers are respected. Shoe companies should accept their social responsibility and ensure that the social status and the environmental ethical standards are upheld. In addition, the labor authorities in China should be responsible for the welfare of Chinese workers. Timeline ITEM ACTIVITY Week 1 Concept paper writing Week 2 Proposal writing Week 3 Data collection Week 4 First draft of the paper Week 5 Final draft of the paper Week 6 submission References Beal, B. (2013).Corporate Social Responsibility: Definition, Core Issues, and Recent Developments. SAGE Publications, p.2. Chinalaborwatch.org. (2017).Pumas Failure in CSR: Suppliers Critical Conditions. [online] Available at: https://www.chinalaborwatch.org/report/21 [Accessed 7 Oct. 2017]. D'heur, M. (2015).Sustainable Value Chain Management: Delivering Sustainability Through the Core Business. Springer, p.95. Jain, R. (2004). Corruption-free Sustainable Development: Challenges and Strategies for Good Governance. Mittal Publications, p.257. Kuhn, R. (2011).How China's Leaders Think: The Inside Story of China's Past, Current and Future Leaders. John Wiley Sons. Palepu, K., Bernard, V., Healy, P. and Peek, E. (2007).Business Analysis and Valuation: Text and Cases. Cengage Learning EMEA, p.318. Passerini, K. (2014).Information technology for small business. [Place of publication not identified]: Springer, p.98. Sustainable Development Critical Issues: Critical Issues. (2001). OECD Publishing, p.120. TNCs and the removal of textiles and clothing quotas. (2005). New York: United Nations, p.11. Willard, M. and Hitchcock, D. (2015).The Business Guide to Sustainability: Practical Strategies and Tools for Organizations. Routledge, p.236.a

The Quiet Achiever Essays - Finch, , Term Papers

The Quiet Achiever Max sat in class gazing at Clare Jones. He watched as she leaned over to her friend Julie and passed her a note. Her small school blouse and shorter-than-normal skirt defined her curvaceous body. Julie saw Max watching her friend. She giggled and motioned to Clare to look behind her. Clare turned and looked back at Max. Max was caught out. His elbow slipped on the desk and dislodged his small tin pencil box. It crashed to the floor making a loud noise. The entire class turned and laughed at Max. He felt the heat of a crimson blush as a rush of prickles ran up his back from embarrassment. He glanced back at Clare and Julie who were still looking at him, giggling. A quiet fury surged inside him. He hated it when people laughed at him. It was worse when Clare did though. She seemed to know he liked her. Humiliated, Max slumped in his chair. He lowered his gaze to his desk. Surely no more ridicule would eventuate if he lay low for the rest of the lesson. ?Max Faulkner!' shouted the Legal Studies teacher, Mr Finch. ?Would you stop daydreaming and concentrate! I don't like your attitude young man. I'm trying to inform the class about the Queensland court system and all you can do is stare at your desk? Please pay attention. I'm sure if your attitude does not improve you'll learn more about the courts first hand!' Max could hear muffled laughter around the classroom. The other students were careful not to exacerbate Mr Finch's aggravation. ?Sorry siiUGHr.' The class erupted in laughter when Max's voice faltered. He had been keeping quiet in the last few weeks because he knew that he couldn't trust his changing voice. The class struggled to regain composure. Max sank back in his chair and looked straight ahead at the white board. Finch chuckled to himself seemingly pleased at the humiliation he caused Max. As the class settled down a little, Mr Finch extracted a pile of papers from his briefcase. ?I've marked your mid term research essays on the ?Constitutional Rights of Australians? and I was generally pleased with the effort. Some of you, however, have let your own opinions get in the way and have been marked down in that respect. If you are unhappy with your marks come and tell me. I'll see if I can help you understand where you went wrong.' Max knew he'd included some of his own opinions in his essay. He hoped that it wouldn't be too obvious. He remembered how Finch didn't like it when people did things differently. Surely he should get a reasonable mark. He put a lot of work into this essay. He needed better marks in Legal Studies so he had done his best to submit a very good paper. He only hoped Finch would recognise his effort and mark it accordingly. Finch walked around distributing the papers amongst the class. Max watched the expression of the students as they discovered what mark Finch had given them. Most showed some degree of disappointment. Finch handed Clare her paper. She immediately turned to Julie to tell her that she got an ?A'. Finch tossed Max's paper in front of him. ?Yet another unsound piece of work from you Max. I wish you had a better attitude towards this subject.' Max blushed. Again he felt a rush of prickles run up his back. Some of the students looked at him with smirks on their faces. Others had more sympathetic looks. Max read his mark. He felt nauseous when he learned Finch had given him a ?D' for his paper. He swallowed hard, managing to contain his disappointment, dejection and anger. The bell rang for the end of class. There was no time to see Finch about his mark. He knew there was no point in seeing him anyway as it was unlikely the mark would be altered. Max hated Finch for all the humiliation and frustration he caused him. He hoped tomorrow would be better. The following day Mr Finch was not there to take Legal Studies. The school Principal, Mr Sampson, took the class instead. He addressed the class. ?Mr

Devine wind essays

Devine wind essays Very few novels change the way we think about an issue but they do help to inform and shape our view about that issue. In the narrative titled Divine Wind by Garry Disher racism against the indigenous people of Broome is a major issue portrayed through the narrative point of view, events and characters. The basis of racism is that the dominant group in society (white Anglo Saxon males) make assumptions based solely on skin colour. In the narrative Divine Wind these assumptions include that aboriginal people have lesser values and lack moral standards and decent behaviour. In the Devine Wind Derby an aboriginal character represents the aboriginal people of Broome in the 1940s and we are positioned as the reader to sympathise with them. Derby is portrayed in the novel as being rather shy, harmless and childlike. My first instinct was to conjure up a mental image of Derby Boxer and search for the violence in, but all I could see in my minds eye was a shy man who was scared of hard work and liked to watch cowboy films. The issue of racism is most apparent in the narrative event of Derbys trial where he is charged with the rape of a girl Kitty and a fabricated confession is made. Judge Killian assumes in the trial that aboriginal people are alcoholics and violent when under the influence of alcohol. Alcohol and the black fellow dont mix Another assumption that is made at the trial is that that aboriginal people are unable to control their feelings. When ONeil asked derby kitty why he hit her. Derby apparently responds, She was eyeing all the other blokes There is also an implicit assumption that aboriginal people are not gainfully employed and prefer to spend their time drinking with mates. These assumptions position the reader to sympathise with derby and the aboriginal because of the racist assumptions. Also in th ...

Summary for a research article-----Litreture review for the article Assignment - 1

Summary for a research article-----Litreture review for the article - Assignment Example The discount rate pertains to the â€Å"opportunity cost† or the anticipated rate of return as one invests on one option, instead of other comparative investments with similar risks (258). The most common discount rate employed is the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC), which includes the risk of the cash flows. Second, some of the Income Valuation methods are â€Å"the capitalization of earnings or cash flows and the discount of future earnings or cash flows† (258). Capitalization is preferred when past operations can best indicate the businesses’ future operations (258). The discount of future earnings is more appropriate, when past operations do not reflect future cash flows (258). Some of the different cash flow methods used are: â€Å"Free Cash Flow, Capital Cash Flow and Equity Cash Flow† (259). Third, the Free Cash Flow (FCF) refers to what is left from the cash operations after tax is deducted and it does not consider the organization’s debt level, which means that it does not deduct interest expenses (259). For its valuation, the proper discount rate for Free Cash Flows is the after-tax Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACCAT), which is computed by using the after-tax cost of debt in the WACC formula (259). Bunea-BontaÅŸ and Petre stress that the Free Cash Flow is a vital measure of the capability of the company to present positive returns to its shareholders. They note that one of the weaknesses of FCF is that since the capital structure of the company is continuously changing, this means that the computation for the WACC must be changed as well (260). Fourth, Capital Cash Flow (CCF) values the cash flow for all security holders of the company, including debts or shares (260). It adds all cash flows paid or can be paid to capital providers, by measuring all of the assets’ after-tax cash (260). CCF’s present value is equal to the value of the enterprise (260). It uses the

Bible Story Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Bible Story - Essay Example In spite of the prohibition, Eve and Adam disobeyed God through the prodding of Satan, disguised as a serpent. As punishment, God banished them from paradise and they became mortals. They had two sons, Cain and Abel. Cain, being the envious one, killed Abel because God likes Abel more. God cursed Cain. The third son was Seth and they had more children that the Earth was populated. However, the people became decadent and sinful. God decided to wipe out the population of the Earth with the exception of Noah and his family, plus pairs of animals who were to be saved in the ark that was ordered by god. For 40 days and 40 nights, the flood cleansed the Earth. After that, god promised that there won’t be anymore floods and Noah thanked him. Noah’s children filled the Earth again and they, again, became decadent and sinful. They worshipped many gods and idols including the Tower of Babel. God punished them by confusing their languages and scattered them all over the Earth. The n God chose Abraham to start a people that would worship him including instructions to go to Canaan, promising Abraham that he would be leader of the Canaanites. He also told Abraham to circumcise himself and all of his male descendants as a sign of faith.

Taxation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Taxation - Essay Example Hence the 2009-10 tax year ran from 6 April 2009 to 5 April 2010. The tax year is sometimes also called the Fiscal Year. The Financial Year, used mainly for corporation tax purposes, runs from 1 April to 31 March. Financial Year 2010 runs from 1 April 2010 to 31 March 2011, as Financial Years are named according to the calendar year in which they start. Income tax liabilities of individuals: For individuals this means the UK income tax liability of one who is neither resident nor ordinarily resident in the UK is limited to any tax deducted at source on UK income, together with tax on income from a trade or profession carried on through a permanent establishment in the UK and tax on rental income from UK real estate. Individuals who are both resident and domiciled in the UK are additionally liable to taxation on their worldwide income and gains. Each person has an income tax  personal allowance, and income up to this amount in each tax year is free of tax for everyone. For 2010-11 the tax allowance for under 65s is  £6,475 which was raised to  £7,475 on 22 June 2010. There are three slabs for rate of taxes – basic rate for the slab  £0- £37,400 is 20%, above  £37,400 is 40% and above  £150000 is 50%. The taxpayers income is assessed for tax according to a prescribed order, with income from employment using up the personal allowance and being taxed first, followed by savings income (from interest or otherwise unearned) and then dividends. On Employees: Employees pay National Insurance contributions to build up their entitlement to certain state benefits, including the State Pension. The contributions they pay depend on how much they earn and whether they are employed or self-employed. Employees stop paying National Insurance contributions when they reach State Pension age. They pay National Insurance contributions if they are an employee or self-employed and they are aged

Roles of a Quantity Surveyor

Roles of a Quantity Surveyor Quantity surveyors, who may also be known as commercial managers or construction cost consultants, are specialists in the financial and contractual aspects of construction projects. They are involved at all stages of the project and are usually appointed by the architect or engineer who has designed the construction. They act as the financial overseer of a particular project, translating the plans into detailed costs. This involves working out the timings of each process and the precise quantity of materials needed. The main tasks include preparing information on the cost of labour, plant and materials, allocating work to subcontractors, preparing tender and contract documents, advising on the choice of materials and construction techniques, dealing with planning issues, building regulations and architects, and managing costs on site and dealing with cost reconciliation. The work is central to the profitability of construction projects. Through negotiation, successful quantity surveyors can save large amounts of money for the companies they work for.   Entry level The main route into quantity surveying is by taking a first degree normally in quantity surveying or a closely related subject accredited by the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (RICS) or the Chartered Institute of Building (CIOB). Alternatively, postgraduate courses are available for people with degrees in other subjects. Entry to an accredited degree course is generally with two or three A levels/three or four H grades, or equivalent qualifications, plus five GCSEs/S grades (A-C/1-3). You should check specific requirements with individual institutions. Useful A level/H grade subjects include maths, English, geography, physical science, geology, economics, law, ICT, art, business studies, design and technology and languages. If you dont have the academic entry requirements for a degree course, you may be able to study at HNC/HND or foundation degree level. These qualifications can be supplemented with further study for the RICS or CIOB accredited degrees. In the Greater London area, the Chartered Surveyors Training Trust offers work-based training for young people aged 16 to 24 years. For this, you must have a minimum of four GCSEs (A-C), including English, maths and a science subject, or equivalent qualifications. Trainees work towards an Advanced Apprenticeship and an HND in Construction, before continuing to study on an accredited degree course. Entry to RICS accredited postgraduate conversion courses is with a first degree, which can be in a subject unrelated to surveying. With a degree, it is also possible to take a three-year graduate diploma accredited by the CIOB, whilst working in a construction company. Making the grade On completion of a RICS or CIOB accredited degree or diploma, you must gain further practical experience before becoming fully qualified. For the RICS, this involves a minimum of two years of structured learning in employment, leading to a RICS professional assessment interview known as the Assessment of Professional Competence (APC). Successful completion of the APC entitles you to use the letters MRICS. The CIOB has a professional development programme which requires the completion of a personal development record over three years, based upon a skills and competency requirement. This is followed by a professional interview. RICS and CIOB are the main professional institutions, and membership is essential for chartered status. It is also possible for quantity surveyors to join the Institution of Civil Engineering Surveyors. Some surveyors are members of more than one institution. All quantity surveyors also undertake Continuing Professional Development (CPD), which may include gaining additional qualifications. With experience, you could become a project manager. You could also move into specialist areas such as legal services, risk management or facilities management. Self-employment and freelance work are quite common. Personal qualities As a quantity surveyor, you would need to be a practical person with a logical and methodical approach to problem solving. You would need good IT and numeracy skills, together with the ability to analyse the content of complicated documents. A clear understanding both of construction techniques and technology and of the relevant laws and health and safety requirements would be essential. You should have good communications skills as you could be required to express your opinions both verbally and on paper. You are also likely to be involved in negotiating with a wide variety of people, which means that you would have to listen to the points of view of others as well as giving your own opinion. In addition, you are likely to be working as a member of a team, which may require you to motivate and lead people on site. Looking ahead The main employers of quantity surveyors are building and civil engineering contractors, consultancies that advise clients on construction costs, the property divisions of large organisations, and local government and other public sector bodies. Jobs are available throughout the UK. The demand for quantity surveyors is strong and there is a shortage of people with the appropriate skills. Alternative suggestions Other possibilities might include architect, building surveyor, civil engineer, construction manager, estate agent, general practice surveyor, housing manager or town planner. Take-home pay When you first start working, you could expect to earn between  £16,000 and  £24,000. If you start working for a large contractor, you could earn more as you may get paid for working site hours. Your salary could easily rise with experience to  £30,000 to  £50,000, and you could earn substantially more if you become a principal partner in private practice. Effects Quantity surveyors are generally office based, although your office may be on a construction site. Most quantity surveyors are likely to make some site visits, which require the use of safety equipment such as hard hats and boots. When based at construction site, you may work from, say, 8am to 6pm. Otherwise, you may keep more normal office hours. Occasional weekend work may be required. Roles of a Quantity Surveyor Roles of a Quantity Surveyor A Quantity Surveyor is an individual whom works on projects ranging from office blocks, schools, hospitals, factories to bridges, railways, oil and mining development, ship building and large process engineering works such as oil refineries, and anywhere that major construction work is carried out. Traditionally this role has been performed by a highly trained person with extensive knowledge in the operational procedures involved with construction or project management. This position often acts as an independent contractor and is a trusted and respected source for professional consultation. The roles of the Quantity Surveyor are diverse and vital to the project life cycle (Internet). Every Quantity Surveyor has the standard basic skill which is to draw up a bill of quantities which is a type of tender document that contains information regarding to the construction project. The measurements are taken from the drawings which must be in accordance with the standard measurement method which is agreed or accepted and will be priced by the contractors. The documents will be used throughout the whole construction project and are for valuation and cost control purposes. The Quantity Surveyor estimate and monitor construction costs, from the feasibility stage of a project through to the completion of the construction period as part of an advisors role. After the completion of construction, the Quantity Surveyor may have to be involved with tax depreciation schedules, arbitration and mediation if necessary, and cost estimation for insurance purposes. They are employed on most construction projects as consultants to the owner, in both private and public sectors. They would have to work hand in hand with architects, financiers, engineers, contractors, suppliers, project owners, accountants, insurance underwriters, solicitors and Courts and even with all levels of government authorities. The roles of Quantity Surveyor come in handy when at times of: Cost planning is a advance technique used by the QS team and it is mainly to help all the construction team members to arrive accordingly at practical designs for a project and make sure the projects are within budgets. The Qs will have to make sure that everything has to follow in accord to the estimates which have been agreed, from the beginning of successful contractors tender to the final project cost. In planning construction cost, it is very important that maintenance and running cost cannot be neglected in order to attain a project that is cost effective throughout its life. The QS will have to rapidly deal with the cost implication when the client decided that there is a change of plans and when variations are introduced. Cost planning can improve economy standards and also better value for money. Constant monitoring can avoid the risk of overspending if they are spotted early and proper corrective actions are taken, thus help the client to save money. Value management Value management is an act which aims to eliminate waste from the design or clients brief, thus at the same time the safety and main functions of the projects are retained. The objective of this value management is to deliver the project function to the expected quality so that the best value for the money can be expended. In this case, it does not necessary mean to be at lowest initial cost, but all factors impacting upon the projects which are considered as a whole are proven of the highest value (anonymous, internet).A QS is a well qualified person to direct the value management studies on a project. From this value management, the project team can obtain a clearer understanding of the involved project objectives and functions thus reducing any unnecessary costs are being made able. In this value management, it also labels the whole life implications in terms of both cost and also the clients business objectives of the building design. The Life Cycle Costing The cost of a project cannot be evaluated base on the initial cost alone. It is long been proven that although a constructed facility is cheap but may appears to be in long term, can be a lot more expensive than one with much higher initial cost. The life cycle costing is about a procurement evaluation technique which determines the total cost of acquisition, operation, maintaining and disposal of the items acquired; the lowest ownership cost during the time the item is in use (anonymous, internet). The life cycle costing assessment should not only considering the characteristics of the constructed facility, the sustainability, the maintainability, the reusability and obsolescence, but they must also not neglect the initial capital cost, the maintenance cost, the operational cost, the residual and disposal costs. Both economic and non-economic performance of constructed facility can be checked in this way. The QS will be the one who monitor all the life cycle costing analysis. The impact of all costs are considered rather than only the initial capital cost to ensure that different constructed facilities can be more efficiently evaluated and to help the effective management of a completed facility are the main objectives of life cycle costing. The building clients can obtain the best value for their money this way. Preliminary Cost Advice A QS is the person whom will be giving practical advices on stuffs which has to do with the cost of the project. The QS will also prepare the cost studies and advice on the structural forms, the choice of materials, the alternative design solutions, the construction sequence and the maintenance cost .From that, a detailed cost plan can be prepared for budgetary control. Facilities Management Facilities management is an extremely wide and all embracing activity involving many types of functions such as assets management, office management and housekeeping, building and engineering maintenance. Among the definitions of facilities management, but it could be borne in mind that there exist some common themes, or characteristics, as follows: it will be needing integrated multi-disciplinary professional services; it have reference to built asset the workplace; it will have to help the organization in achieving its objectives. However theres no one individual, nor profession, who would be able to fulfill all the required technical functions included in the concept of facilities management. Still and all, if there is any specifically trained or experienced QS is in charge, he will be able to understand and define theobjectives of the clients organization, thus be able to coordinate and provide the most appropriate facilities management services. Procurement Methods The QS are known for their expertise, knowledge and tools which are useful in the selection of the right suppliers or contractors for any given projects. There are no two projects which are exactly the same. Most of the projects (and many smaller ones) have their own challenges and needs their own solution. Procurement through competitive tendering based on different types of forms of contract and options is the most common method option. The QS are the person who prepares the bills of quantities which are used for the tendering. The bills containing documents of an itemized breakdown of the works to be carried out in a unit price contract, indicating a quantity for each item and the corresponding unit price. The bills of quantities are the crucial element in both effective cost control and also the basis of valuation of variations during construction. On different occasions, different tendering method and contractual arrangement may be used depending on the clients requirement. It m ay include tendering method such as the traditional method, the design and build, the construction management, the guaranteed maximum price, the prime cost contract and cost plus, and many more. The QS role is to provide advice to the client on the best choice of contractual arrangement depending on the circumstances that the clients required. Tendering Competitive tendering of the same kind or differing type remains the usual basis for construction contracts, while the bills of quantities are the fundamental to this process. The designers produced drawings and specifications which are translated by the bill of quantities into documents which would allows a contractor to calculate his tender price accordingly and on the exact same basis as his competitors. In the process of constructions, the QS are also an important element in effective cost control. If there are other tendering procedures which are appropriate, the QS will recommend alternatives. Contractual Advice The QS have to be are able to provide both commercial and contractual advice to all corporations such as the developers, the government bodies, the contractors and subcontractors, for all types of civil engineering, building and structural projects.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   The type of service for contractual advice covers: Contract administration: site set-up, valuations of work in progress, subcontract procurement, measurements, assessment of rates, cost reporting and variations. Contract documents: warranties, bonds and guarantees, selection of appropriate standard forms of contract, the interpretation, drafting of special conditions and forms of contract. The Valuation of construction work The contractor is paid every month in most of the construction contracts unless otherwise specified. The QS role is to value the works carried out each month by the contractor on the project involved and submit a recommendation for payment. Insurance Advice The QS may help the employers to choose the most appropriate construction insurance. Construction sites are inherently dangerous places. This is why construction insurance is an important policy to have if they are going to run or manage a construction site. It is also known as Builders Risk Insurance, construction insurance provides safeguards for employers against construction workers being injured on site. Construction insurance does not exempt the employer from maintain a safe workplace. Usually, construction insurance policies only pay out if a strict set of health and safety guidelines are followed (anonymous, internet). It also protects the developing structure and the materials purchased for the construction for the loss due to damage or theft. The advantages of obtaining advices from the QS are: Well aware in the manner of cost, all round advice on contractual matters, and with full of efficiency in construction activities; Better communication with the involved parties such as insurers/employers/contractors/loss adjusters, which might be less efficient if it was handled general insurance practitioners. Cost Control Financial Management Cost control might be one of the most important aspects which have to be monitored closely in any capital project. It is important because the client wants a good value for money from the project. The QS have to make sure that the required balance of expenditure between different elements of the project is achieved and also to keep the final expenditure of the project within the clients required budged. In general, cost control consists of three basic steps: Build an overall cost target Taking remedial action where necessary Analyzing any deviations In practice, the process of cost control shows an extent of professional activities such as cost analyses of previous projects, cost studies of different types of constructional options, cost planning/estimating, cost monitoring in time of the construction stage and cost reconciliation in time of the tendering stage. Regularly, the QS produce the cost estimates and financial which creates an important phrase of the financial management of capital projects. With these periodic financial reports, the clients are able to foresee the projects progress and control their future financial commitments.

Euthanasia Essay -- Euthanasia Essays

Euthanasia An acceptance of the practice of Voluntary Euthanasia is incompatible with the Christian belief in the Sanctity of Life but not with the attitudes of some ethical philosophers. Discuss. 'No one shall be subjected to torture or to inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment'.[1] Imagine at the age of 40, you are diagnosed with Motor neurone disease, a fatal disease that causes degeneration of the motor neurones, which leads the wasting of muscles. You are intellectually sound but totally dependant on your spouse for physical support. You are aware of the fact that your death is imminent and will probably be painful, suffering from severe breathing problems and pneumonia before slipping into a coma. By the age of 42 you want to end your life, leaving your two children and spouse with more pleasant memories of you, however, the courts will not allow you to end your life[2]. This was exactly the situation of Diane Pretty, the most recent of euthanasia case in the media. However, she died on 12th May 2002 after losing her case. Euthanasia continues to be one of the most controversial subjects of the modern world. The word euthanasia literally means 'dying well' and it originates from two Greek words, 'eu' and 'thanatos'. Euthanasia is defined as 'à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦an action or omission which of itself or by intention causes death.'[3] A case where a patient specifically asks to die repeatedly and receives euthanasia, which is not a decision made by a doctor or the patient's family or friends, is one of voluntary euthanasia. There are two types of voluntary euthanasia, passive and active. Passive euthanasia is the omission or ter... ...n, mentioned by Ludovic Kennedy in his book; 'Euthanasia - dying well' [18] AS/A level Religious Studies exam revision notes - Philip Alan Updates - Sarah Tyler page 134 [19] Ethical theory page 60, Mel Thompson [20] Exodus 20:13 [21] Philosophy of religion and ethics (Phillip Allan Updates) [22] Oxford English Dictionary [23] Foundations of the metaphysics of morals, 1985, opening of the first section, from The puzzle of ethics, Peter Vardy [24] AS/A level Religious Studies exam revision notes - Philip Alan Updates - Sarah Tyler page 138 [25] Joseph Priestly's Essay on government as mentioned by Sarah Tyler in her book AS/A level Religious Studies exam revision notes - Philip Alan Updates page 128 [26] Ethical theory page 82 - Mel Thomspon. [27] Ethical theory page 102, Mel Thompson

Digital Telecommunications and Network

A network is defined by Noergaard (2005) as a collection of two or more connected devices that can send or receive data. He further adds that the relationship between these connected devices in a network determines the total architecture. The purpose of this report is to understand the networked applications architectures. Two networking architectures are covered here; the client/server architecture and peer-to-peer architecture. The report first gives an outline of these two architectures and their advantages and disadvantages.It is seen that the industry divides its products on the concept of client-server model or peer-to-peer model. Some applications perform better with the former model while others perform better with the later model (Klemt 2005), 1992). Based on the understanding of this report, two separate scenarios for a basic networking application will be analysed. The idea will be to judge the type of networking architecture to be used for each scenario. Finally based on the entire analysis, a conclusion will be drawn as to which resource has to be used in what situation.Part 1: Review of Client/Server and P2P application architecture Client/Server architecture Client-network computing is one of the most basic paradigms of distributed computing, and this architecture is based on the paradigm as described by Jalote (2005). This architecture has a minimum of three components – a client, a server and a network that connects these two systems. This is a two level architecture where a client requests a service and the server provides it (Singh 2005). The server is usually accessed through a remote procedure called RPC, request of which is defined by their signature.The processing of the request is internal to the server and is transparent to the client. The client and server may be on different or same systems Advantages of client/server architecture Client server architecture using RPCs has been used for over a decade for system wide exchange com puting (Singh 2005). The main reason for this is the high level of reliability this architecture provides. It is also found that the cost of the entire system over a period of time is less than that used by other architectures.In addition, the architecture also enhances safety since any of its components can be removed without a major impact on the other system. This architecture leads to a better distribution of resources through the system. This architecture also leads to increased productivity because the front and back end distribution of processes is optimised (Jalote, 2005). Disadvantages of client/server architecture The main disadvantage of the client/server architecture is that there are multiple databases in the client/server environment, making the management and synchronizing of the data shared between them difficult.This also leads to a difficulty in software distribution and configuration management program, as the system is distributed. The cost of maintenance may als o increase because of the different networks being inter-networked. P2P architecture Peer-to-peer or P2P architecture is another way of managing distributed applications. In this method, the individual nodes have similar and comparable roles, unlike the client/server systems. In this architecture, the nodes are given roles such that both can act as client and server. This type of connection requires at least two computers connected to each other (Reid, 2004).In order to function correctly each node of the system should know the address of at least another node. Each node can directly contact the other node of the system for using its resources, without going trough the server (Heathcote & Langfield, 2004) Advantages of P2P Architecture This type of communication exists since the time of old IBM PCs. The primary advantage of a P2P network is that it is fault tolerant and there is no single location for the fault. This means that the system works well even when several of its componen ts are missing (Verma, 2004).Also the combination of processing power of multiple nodes in a network greatly increases the efficiency of the system in terms of combined processing power and storage when compared with a central server. P2P systems are hence extremely autonomous and can secure anonymity. They can be generally deployed in an ad hoc system without requiring central management or control. Finally, unlike the client/server systems there is no need for a separate network operating system (Reid, 2004). Disadvantages of P2P Architecture The manageability of peer-to-peer systems is much harder, due to the extremely distributed nature of the system.Security is also not centrally controlled and the users need to remember different passwords for accessing the resources located on different nodes on the network (Porter, 2006). Facilities such as backup are the responsibilities of the individual user unlike the client/server systems where the server can schedule them. This system works best for lesser number of systems in a network, usually under 10 (Reid, 2004). Part 2: The architecture of Mr. Robertson’s home network Network Architecture The architecture which I would suggest for Mr. Robertson’s home would be a peer—to-peer network.There is no necessity for a client/server model in this case. Also no type of hub system is required, since the application is very simple Justification As is already explained in the section above, a peer-to peer network is used for ease of applications without extra overload. The system works best for systems which having less than 10 systems. As Mr. Robertson’s system uses only two computers, the system is ideal for this purpose. In addition to this, the home network does not require the additional overhead of a server so a pure peer-to-peer system, one without any server (Subramanian & Goodman, 2005), can be used.The application mainly used is the file sharing which can be easily done. Also for us ing the internet, there is no necessity for the system to have simultaneous connections as is already mentioned in the example. While, to most intents and purposes, a printer application requires the use of a server so as to manage the print request being sent from multiple systems, this is clearly not the case here. The network should merely have the capability to receive print jobs from both the systems a simultaneous operational capability is not really required, as the application would not be too critical.In the worst case, the print job could be cancelled and given again. Finally, the use of a client server system would in addition to setting a server, also need additional components and software like an operating system, which is not required in this case, as there is no need for tasks like allocation resources, backups etc. Also, Mr Robertson gets the advantage of removing any of the two systems from the network at anytime, and the second component would work just as well, a s neither of the system is a server. Components for the home network In addition to the 2 computers and printers purchased by Mr.Robertson, he needs very few components to get his system up an running. He would need the cable modem, a twisted cable pair, media converter for running the internet through cable, a splitter and a print sharer. There is no necessity for a hub for such a system, which is necessary only if there are more than two computers on a network. The splitter would divide the internet connection to the two systems which will the function of the print sharer also. A wireless NIC or a wired one can be used to share the network. Only single numbers of components, except the connecting cables, are needed because there are only two computers.Topology of the home network The figure above shows the basic topology of the network. As explained above, there is no need for a hub for just 2 systems. The printer can be connected either via a print sharer or the software can be u sed to do that by accessing the network. Here, each computer can access the network printer. In addition, the cable connection that comes can be split into two using a splitter. This type of networking requires basic minimum of components and can be used for connecting systems on a home network. This system is extendable to more than two systems.The only difference would be that in that case, a hub would be used between the two systems instead of just a cable. Also the cable type, which is twisted in this case, might be changed for more than two computer systems, because of load factors. In this case also, there will not be any necessity for a server, as the printer tasks will be shared, but not scheduled or managed by an external system. Part 3: The architecture of the LAN of BC Inc. Network Architecture For the company’s LAN, a client server system is a must. There are only 16 systems, on the LAN would more than fulfil the application necessity.There are multiple applicatio ns needed for this system. There is the printer service which is multiple in numbers and locations. In addition, there is the obvious necessity for an email and web server for the business applications. All this necessitates are need for the use of a client/server model. Justification In many of the situations given above the peer-to-peer network fails to have any use. First and foremost is the number of systems. The P2P system is only suitable if the number of systems is less than 10, as mentioned earlier. Also it is not just the number of system that is a problem, since it is not a very huge network.Office applications as a rule need more features and functionality than a home based server, and so the load on the network contributed by each system is also a lot. In addition to this there is he additional necessity for security and backups as compared to the home networks. People usually prefer manual backups on their home networks, but almost all the companies insist on having sch eduled backups for the protection of data. In addition, the systems also need to have security updates with a controlled installation, which is not necessary for a home network, whose security necessities extend maximum to having a basic firewall.As in earlier case, due to data sensitivity, companies prefer to have all of these controlled rather than leaving it to the discretion of the office employees. There is an obvious burden due to the higher cost of installation and maintenance of the system. But this is more than compensated by the quality of security and safety levels given by such a system. Also since, there are only 16 employees in the system, it is logical to have the email server as the same as the network server. This is also true for the web server applications. However, here there is an assumption being taken.It is assumed that the company business is a small size, based on the number of people working there. This may very well not be the case. In addition to this, th e web sever installation might be mandatory on an external system, because of security reasons. For instance, the company might not want its intranet lined with its webserver to provide more security. This case might necessitate the need for a separate web server, though for this report, a single sever is being considered for now. Physical Components In addition to the computer systems and printers, the company needs many additional systems to make a network.First and the most important of this is the server system, which needs be high ended, with high processing power and speed. This is that the system can easily act as a intranet server, a mail server, and also the web server. In addition to this a router is essential for connecting to the internet via the DSL modem. Also there are multiple numbers of cables, based on the systems connected to the network. Since the system is connected via the Ethernet here, the internet being a DSL based one; the corresponding cables are also requ ired.The printer is connected to the server, which takes care of the scheduling the print jobs. The other servers, as mentioned earlier are situated on the main server itself. The figure above shows the scheme of the connection diagram. The above diagram is a very simplistic way of representation of the office network. As mentioned above, the server would be common from email and web applications, and also take care of the intra networking scheme. In addition, the various printers and DSL modem would be added to this server only.The server would need a network operating system and the main security firewalls and the protection schemes like the antivirus would be installed here. Ethernet would be the mode of interconnection in the network. The system can be extended when a new web server is required, which is separate from the present server. There can be another server attached to the present one which would take care of the business related websites etc. The connection would be res tricted so that only the purchase related or feedback related information is passed to the main server, which would then direct this information to the necessary client system.Conclusion In the report mentioned above, there were two types of networking architecture which were analysed. One was the client server architecture, which is one of the oldest networking schemes available. The system finds its use in complex networks having many systems, and necessity for multi-file sharing applications, common or shared database and also security. All these are provided by this system, which the case seen by the company example is being taken here.The operations are very complex with multi-printers and their multiple locations, the necessary for common access to the internet, and also the need for servers for websites and emails. Also the network needed security and will be needed managed access permission for files stored on the network. The restricted type of entry for a network is possib le only for a client and server type of architecture, which is what was proposed for this case. The company being an accounting firm would also need internal data restrictions and security issues, which can only be tacked by this architecture.In contrast, the home networking system is a very simple operation, which needs to have a mere connection to the internet and the use of a printer. There are no constraints of security or access restrictions on this systems and the main application need is a basic file share operation. For such a system a basic, peer-to-peer architecture is sufficient. There is no need for hubs also as there are only two systems. The network does not need any server based system which is too much of overkill here. Hence, using these two examples, the two types of networking architectures are explained here.

How Does Shakespeare Perceive True Love in Sonnet 116 and Sonnet 130 Essay Example

How Does Shakespeare Perceive True Love in Sonnet 116 and Sonnet 130 Essay Example How Does Shakespeare Perceive True Love in Sonnet 116 and Sonnet 130 Paper How Does Shakespeare Perceive True Love in Sonnet 116 and Sonnet 130 Paper Introduction ‘How does shakespeare perceive true love in sonnet 116 and sonnet 130? ’. The sonnets that are focused is ‘Sonnet 116 Let me not to the marriage of true minds’ and ‘Sonnet 130 My mistress’ eyes are nothing like the sun’. First I would like to quickly review what the definition of a sonnet is. Two kinds of sonnets have been most common in English poetry, and sonnets were named after the two famous poets. The Petrarchan sonnet and the Shakespearean sonnet. Since my presentation is focused on specific Shakespearean sonnets, I will only go in detail for Shakespearean sonnets. A common sonnet is made up by 14 line lyric poem, traditionally written in iambic pentameter. Iambic pentameter is when in lines 10 syllables long, an emphasis is put on every second syllable, for example ‘Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day? ’ In addition, the sonnets take a usual rhyming scheme of ABABCDCDEFEFGG. Sonnets are divided into 4 parts, The first three parts are four lines long and are known as quatrains; the fourth part is called the couplet and is two lines. Shakespeare’s sonnets are often used to develop a sequence of metaphors or ideas, one in each quatrain, while the couplet offers either a summary or a new take on the preceding images or ideas. I will now move on to discuss Sonnet 116. This is one of Shakespeare’s most famous poems in his collection of work. Essentially, this sonnet presents Shakespeare’s loyalty towards true love. His beliefs regarding true love remains to be pure and innocent, without physical and artificial bias. The sonnet has a relatively simple content, with each quatrain attempting to describe what love is (or is not) and the final couplet reaffirming the poet’s words by placing his own reputation on the line. This sonnet is worthy for its lack of imagery, we could speculate that it is evident in the lines itself in what he is trying convey, that he truly believes love is unmovable. The opening lines of the sonnet encourage the reader to dive into its theme at a rapid pace, accomplishing in part by the use of enjambment â€Å"Let me not o the marriage of true minds/ Admit impediments† This first quatrain asserts that true love is immortal and unchanging: It neither changes on its own nor allows itself to be changed, even when it encounters changes in the loved one. Quatrain two includes a series of nautical metaphors to further establish the permanence of true love: in line 5 it is an â€Å"ever-fixed mark,† which is a sea mark that navigators could use to guide their ships. In line 7, shakespeare refers the ‘star’ as the Northern Star perhaps, which was a constant point of reference that sailors could always rely on for navigation. Both of these metaphors emphasize the constancy and dependability of true love. Finally, quatrain three highlights that only something’s that are great or a final destructive of apocalyptic proportions could spell love’s doom, this being the sonnets theme, with love’s undying essence prevailing against the â€Å"bending sickle† of Time. Time’s â€Å"hours and weeks† are â€Å"brief† compared to love’s longevity. Moreover, there is a reference back to the nautical imagery with the use of the word â€Å"compass† in line 10. Love knows that time its going to take its toll and is going to affect one’s physical appearance and condition i. we are going to age. It reminds today, in Christian marriage vows, it is presumed that the couple are marrying for true love and ‘till death do us apart’ In the same way, love should not die ‘to the edge of doom’ Sonnet 116 closes with a rather profound ending . Shakespeare writes that if what he has claimed in the sonnet is proven untrue, then he â€Å"never writ, nor no man ever loved. † Here, it is seen Shakespeare is so determined that what he wrote in the sonnet is correct, that he is willing to put his reputation on the line. In contrast, Sonnet 130 is an unusual poem, due to its distinctly humorous tone. Since its one of Shakespeare’s later sonnets, it can initially be presumed to have been written for the dark lady; However, it is not clear. Shakespeare message in this sonnet is at first misleading because we are being presented with negative comparisons which are ultimately flattering, this is what makes this sonnet humorous. Let me explain, this sonnet is generally considered a humorous parody of the typical love sonnet with Shakespeare describing the contrasting features of his mistress, for example ‘her eyes are nothing like the son’, ‘Her lips are not red’ ‘Her breasts are not snow white’ In the next quatrain, Shakespeare extends his images of what his mistress isn’t, to talk about her foul breath which ‘reeks’. He builds up the momentum by moving on to say her voice does not sound pleasing nor does she walk like a ‘goddess’ These both show that he is stating his mistress is nothing better than ordinary externally or even worse than normal. Through the different lines he uses imagery related to the senses. In the first 6 lines, he uses visual imagery, you can see her ‘eyes’ and see her ‘lips’. In the next two lines, lines 7-8, he moves to olfactory imagery i. to do with the sense of smell. In lines 9-10, the next sense being used is the auditory, you can hear ‘her speaking’ and ‘her music’. The final sense is to do with kinesthetic (movement) ‘how the goddess go’ and ‘when she walks’. Also, in the first quatrain each line is a complete image ‘eyes are n othing like the sun’. Then on, it is spread along two lines He describes that she is not as beautiful as things found in nature â€Å"My mistress’ eyes are nothing like the sun; Coral is far more red than her lip’s red. Yet Shakespeare expresses his love for this woman, nonetheless, and in the closing couplet says that in fact she is j]an extraordinary (â€Å"rare†) woman, and that is why he loves her. He is trying to ultimately say that even though his mistress doesnt conform to a list of model-like qualities, he still loves her, which is also a recurring point in his sonnet 116, where he says that true love should not be based upon or affected by the person’s external appearance. Thus, he is saying this is infact true love.

Political Contention Essay Essays

Political Contention Essay Essays Political Contention Essay Essay Political Contention Essay Essay Solita Collas-Monsod is a professor at the University of the Philippines: Diliman and a author in the Filipino Daily Inquirer. Solita Collas-Monsod’s article entitled â€Å"The Trillanes Myth† was published or appeared in the Filipino Daily Inquirer and was last updated in September 3. 2007. The writer was able to catch the attending of its audience. and she was able to efficaciously utilize the rubric of her article to give a bird’s oculus position of what is stored for the readers. She besides starts her column through a statement of her base sing the issue being discussed. The writer wanted to demo or inform the audience and or the readers of the Filipino Daily Inquirer about the Trillanes group which started a putsch d’ etat in Oakwood Hotel. or the good known â€Å"Oakwood ‘Mutiny† . wherein there were 300 uniformed military officers and work forces who were guided or led by Sen. Antonio Trillanes IV. Her statements besides province that the Court. led by July 25 order of RTC Judge Oscar B. Pimentel. should go on its house base with respects to enforcing the necessary jurisprudence or exercise authorities authorization. without proof of the badges of inequality. She assumed that the universe. more specifically the sympathisers of the Trillanes group or the military officers. should non be deranged or persuaded by the â€Å"idealisms and principles† of the Trillanes group. She besides states that the audience. we. should non be blinded by the myths or prevarications which the Trillanes group gives us. and that we should lodge or be steadfast with our authorities regulations about putsch d’etats. Solita Collas-Monsod values the truth and in seeking proper justness for such lawbreakers of the jurisprudence. She strongly believes that proper justness or penalty in conformity with the authorities Torahs should be imposed on the Trillanes group. and we should make this objectively. non subjectively. Monsod was able to specify footings clearly in her article. Solita Collas-Monsod did her assignment or did basic research. therefore. she was able to back up her statements with ample and adequate facts. The statement for me is successful. and it does convert me. There are facts or sufficient back uping statements used by Monsod in her article and these facts or statements seem truly dependable. My beliefs and line of thought was the same as Monsod with respects to the â€Å"Oakwood ‘Mutiny† . more specifically about the Trillanes group. Monsod’s statement strengthened my former belief about proper authorities executing of its Torahs. Politically talking. this is truly an eye-opening article non merely to the populace but to the authorities and its functionaries every bit good. more specifically to the Judicial Court. There are times when I had little uncertainties with respects the Judiciary system of the Philippines before. but because of Monsod’s article. and facts that she stated about the actions taken by the Court. led by Judge Pimentel. these uncertainties are non gone. I believe that so. the political universe still has its â€Å"impartiality. † Solita Collas-Monsod’s article affects the political procedure by merely beef uping the execution of Judicial jurisprudence and in informing the populace about the Trillanes group. The authorities and the populace. or the audience. are at the advantage. whereas the Trillanes group is decidedly in the losing terminal. Work Cited: Collas-Monsod. Solita. â€Å"The Trillanes Myth. † The Filipino Daily Inquirer. 2007.

Critical Assessments of Two Archaeology Articles Essay

Critical Assessments of Two Archaeology Articles - Essay Example The study that Churchill makes on the adaptive possibilities is intended to narrow the many theories that exist on discovering why there is an equafinality of agents that might be given value for the production of adapted traits within Neanderthals. The argument within the paper contends that without discovering ways in which to evaluate the various hypotheses there is nothing preventing the equal consideration of those hypotheses that are ‘untenable’. In other words, some hypotheses are so ridiculous that there must be a way to dispute them, but without a methodology for verifying hypotheses that have some validity, there is no recourse to dispute any hypothesis. Therefore, it appears that the main focus of the paper is to find a way to evaluate hypotheses on agents of traits through exploration of one specific trait. Churchill (2008) suggests that â€Å"The study of the flow of energy through the Neanderthal’s world holds the promise of a solution to some of th e conundrums that exist in functional morphology or adaptive studies of these archaic humans† (p. 115). ... However, through further exploration, the idea was refuted, thus providing for an assessment that suggested that perhaps Neanderthals had less of a capacity to tolerate cold temperatures than did humans. In addition, the nature of the energy required to heat the bodies that they had developed was such that the high levels of calories were needed to make it function properly and that during the time of year when food was most difficult to obtain, higher levels of calories would be needed in order to supported additional efficiency in maintaining body temperature. The primary purpose of the paper was to find and use methods of research that could verify suppositions about the adaptive agents that provided for the development of traits in Neanderthals. In working with multiple levels of biologically sound and rational discovery, Churchill manages to make a reasonable discussion about the topic, even if a firm conclusion was not possible. The problem that exists within this concept is th at another researcher may find ways in which to manipulate data to support his or her hypothesis while ignoring the variations that would refute it. The purpose of the paper brings to light the problem without genuinely discovering a responsive solution. Works Cited Churchill, S. E. Bioenergetic Perspectives on Neanderthal Thermoregulatory and Activity Budget: A Review. pp. 113–134. Found in K. Harvati and T. Harrison (eds.), Neanderthals Revisited: New Approaches and Perspectives. New York: Springer, 2008. Print. Clients Name Name of Professor Name of Class Date Skin Deep: A Critical Assessment Nina G. Jablonski and George Chaplin discuss the development

Obama and National Security (NASA) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Obama and National Security (NASA) - Essay Example Nonetheless, this paper focuses on discussing effects of changes in security and their effects on American citizens. Some of the changes that have occurred in NASA include lying off thousands of employees, thereby resulting to loss of pertinent skills and experience. Moreover, some of these changes have led to difficulty in reconstructing complex and reliable space system that can lead to increased effectiveness for security systems (Dinerman, 1). Therefore, it is evident that these changes are leading to deterioration of state security, which increases the vulnerabilities of the citizens. In this case, NASA has to be maintained for it to continue making relevant contribution on the American global power. Apparently, this agency is likely to succumb to confusion and lack of comprehensible directive that can assist in facilitating America security. In that case, Americans are likely to experience a future with increased vulnerability due to threats of terrorism. In conclusion, this paper has offered an overview of the function taken by NASA in facilitating security of Americans and effects of chang es occurring within this agency such as increased vulnerability of American citizens. Neal-Jones Nancy and Steigerwald Bill. â€Å"New NASA Mission to Help Us Better Estimate Asteroid Impact Hazard†. NASAs Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. February 7, 2013. Web June 23 2013

The History of drag racing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The History of drag racing - Essay Example I find the title of the documentary movie very descriptive. Slingshot was an ancient weapon used mainly for accelerating an object towards its target. Therefore, the title stick out as the movie tries to unravel how this sporting event started many years ago. Even before opening the movie, the title thus gave me the idea of what I was to expect as far as its content is concerned. I like the idea of how the young men decided to go to the dry riverbeds and desert environment to compete amongst themselves. There were no rules and regulation in the 1930s regulating such dangerous activities. So I find moving away from the general public in Southern California was a great idea for the young men who were not afraid of speed and injuries. I was amused by their choice of the dry lakes of Mojave Desert as their field since it is a pretty dusty environment. After all, I think the sport was a dirty game of trying to outscore each other taken too far. I however find it interesting to discover that even during the domestication of the horse long time ago; young men would challenge each other on matters of speed. I believe any event however entertaining; lack of organisation is a recipe for its failure in the long-run. I was a little bit taken aback that the rowdy youth saw the need for organising their risky activity despite having the most outrageous desire that can cross any mind of a sane person. Two locations that really stands out that helped in the advancement of drag racing is Goleta, north of Santa Barbara and Santa Ana Airport, which came into use in 1949 and 1950 respectively. I like the way their idea of using Goleta as a venue of streamlining drag racing. However, the thought of using an airport to conduct their businesses is a clear indication that the young men were ready to move their love for speed a notch higher establishing codified rules and

Racism in Roll of Thunder Essay Example for Free

Racism in Roll of Thunder Essay Mildred Taylors remarkable novel, Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry, annotates, portrays, and demonstrates the vivid image of the ugly race prejudice, effectively, that the African Americans experienced in the 1930s, during the American Depression. In Taylors enthralling novel, racism comes across as a major and influential theme as the novel progresses and revolves around a young girl, Cassie Logan, who matures with racial conflict around her. Racism is apparent from the beginning of the novel. It is depicted from the beginning that African Americans are treated terribly, and they must work extremely hard, to earn the money they need to provide their family, with shelter, and food. Papa must work away from home to earn himself a good salary to keep the Logans own land, rather than working as sharecroppers on someone elses land. The second example of the callous segregation is evident, as it is seen that the elite white community have transport to school, while the harshly treated African Americans are deprived of this service, and are forced to walk to school. Also, the whites are inconsiderate, intentionally splashing mud on the blacks clothes. The Berrys burnings is a significant incident revealing the cruel manner the white community behave towards the African Americans, burning them taking a match to them, without any justifiable reason, portraying the discrimination between the people. At school, an important instance of racism takes place, when the students of the black school, The Great Faith Elementary School, received new books. These books were in the poorest condition, as they were the left-overs of the whites. The inside cover of the books were highly provocative, both insulting and offensive to the African Americans, using repulsive comments to describe their race such as nigra. The law also seems to be in favour of the white community, showing the extensive segregation between the whites and blacks. It is evident when Mr. Morrison explains why he lost his job Mr. Morrison was blamed in a fight with the whites, although it wasnt his fault. There are rarely any whites who are friendly with the whites, and those who are, are despised. This is the case with Jeremy, who walks to school everyday with the blacks. He is often bullied, mocked, and teased at school, and is beaten at home. The abhorrence of the underprivileged blacks by the whites is remarkably large, throughout the novel. As the novel progresses it is seen that Papa tries to explain to Stacey to hang out less with Jeremy, We Logans dont have much to do with the white folks. You know why? Papa says, believing that whites and blacks will never really be friends, Cause white folks mean trouble, with this it also demonstrates hatred between the two races. The intensity of racial discrimination is massive when TJ talks about the night men. The whites tarred and feathered him, making the African Americans feel inferior treating them of no value and worthless. Cassie, herself, is a victim of one of the racism incidents. On her visit to Strawberry, she is forced to apologize repeatedly to Lillian Jean, a white, humiliating herself greatly. Even her family, who are strong-willed, cannot prevent such things from happening trying to stay away from consequences. Cassie is mentally hurt after this situation. Racist comments are at is summit as the story progresses. Kaleb Wallace, to Mr. Morrison, sputtered, You big black nigger, I oughta cut your heart out for what you done! My brothers laid up like they is and you still runnin around free as a white man. Downright sinful, thats what it is! Why? I oughta gun you down right where you sit. This quote shows the filthy comments the whites use towards the blacks. As the story nears its conclusion, TJ gets influenced by the white community, and gets into stealing. TJ goes to a Barnetts store with his white friends, to get himself the pearl handed pistol. At the shop, the whites wearing a mask kill Mr. Barnett, a white man. TJ Avery is immediately entirely blamed for the sequence of events. This shows, again, the law in much favour of the whites as the police dont even look into the issue they dont care who is guilty, but immediately find a black man to blame. If the roles had been reversed, circumstances and the events that took place would have been completely different. The whites simply want to punish some blacks, and they can do so easily, as no one dares to stop them. Throughout the story, there are several racist remarks passed to the African Americans emphasizing the conditions they faced. Life for the African Americans in the 1930s was completely unjust. Judgment based solely on physical appearance exists, to date, and is still a controversial issue.

Australia :: essays research papers

Australia Most Australians are governed by three levels of government - local, state and federal. For instance, a family living in Sydney would have the Sydney City Council (local) looking after such things as garbage collection, park maintenance and dog controls. Australians pay their local government by paying "rates" - paid according to the area and position of any land that you own. They would then be governed by the New South Wales Government, which would look after such things as roads, and the police force. Finally, they are governed by the Australian (Federal) Government, which is involved with trade, foreign affairs and the national treasury. Both the State and Federal Governments are paid through income tax. Australian governments at a State and Federal level are run according to the Westminster System, used in England. This means that there are two houses of Parliament, a lower house (The House Of Representatives) and an upper house (The Senate). Decisions put forward and approved in the House of Representatives must then be approved a second time by the Senate. The only exception to this is the Queensland Government, which has only a House of Representatives. Local governments are stationed in centre of the town or city that they provide to. State governments are run from the state capitals, while the Federal Government sits in Canberra, in the Australian Capital Territory. There are six states, and two major territories in Australia. The states are: Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, South Australia and Western Australia. The two territories are the Northern Territory and the Australian Capital Territory. Australia also has a number of areas run by the Federal Government (dependent areas). These include the Ashmore and Cartier Islands, Christmas Island, the Cocos (Keeling) Islands, the Coral Sea Islands, Heard Island, the McDonald Islands and Norfolk Island. Britain originally ruled Australia as a penal colony after it was discovery in 1788. However, on January 1st, 1901, Australia's six states were unified ("federated") into one nation, formally known (and still known) as the

The Discovery Of Economy Essay -- essays research papers

It is a pristine tradition that much matters to a nation, when it comes to issues irrelevant to human development. Speaking in terms of reality, the economic boom of a nation is what human development all about. Now let us profoundly analyze what exactly is the economic boom of a nation. As we begin our analysis, it is highly important for the reader to be enlightened with the fact that it is necessary to think the right way if he has to understand this immensely valuable message. The reader will have to discredit all economic and political concepts and thoughts in considering the planet earth as a single nation and its people as just its citizens with no individual nationalities. Thinking this way alone can make this message more comprehending. Today everyone knows the fact that the world has, due to the advancement in human transportation and communication technology, virtually shrunk to a small global village. Much gossip is evident in the electronic media on the virtual currencies in circulation on the Internet. So it is clearly evident that it solely depends on the way we think, for which each single nation is a proof. Let us consider for example that if fifty states of the USA are divided into fifty nations, then fifty different currencies come into existence with different living standards in each nation. Formalities and barriers will have to be braved by the people as for the flow of people, goods and services from one state to the other. Bureaucratic interference will always remain whenever there is an exchange of business, trade or travel between any two nations from among the fifty. On the contrary if the fifty are again merged into a union of the USA, then there is no need for working out on policies, sovereignty , constitutional amendments, economy, GDP's, GNP's, exports and imports of the fifty states with each state as a separate nation. Similarly let us apply the concept to all the so-called countries of this world considering them to be a single nation at least in economic terms, if not socio-politically. Let us keep in mind the fact that the all the nations of the world, just for the purpose of serving their selfish national ends, have been committing blunders on the economy of this world. Because of the absurd and weird reason that we are socio-politically, culturally, lingually and in many other aspects different from each other, we h... ...0. A coke can in India may be Rs. 15 or more and if it is being bought by 10 million people per day then at Rs. 1 or 2, certainly 200 million people at least will buy it every day. The electricity and medical services must be free of cost and should be considered as a mandatory requirement for all the people of earth’s expanse. Let any form of government rule the world union’s so-called nations. Let us pave way to the economic development of the masses of this world, being irrespective of whether a nation is ruled by a military regime or democracy or any other form of Government. Let the penal code be the strictest of all human times. Let us value human or victim’s rights more than criminals’ rights. For some time the world will have to abandon all sporting events, and unnecessary re-search in space, cloning etc. and plan in a smart manner the smooth and speedy union of all nations of this world into a single nation. Let us make nations a single market for all businessmen on Earth’s land, and earth’s Union a home for the entire community of this world with a healthy, wealthy and hygienic environment, which is economically sustainable, viable, affordable, prosperous and livable.

Discuss Marxism and Functuionalism and Compare

Compare Marxist and Functionalist Perspectives Compare and Contrast Functionalist and Marxist Perspectives Sociology is a systematic way of studying the social world. It seeks to discover the causes and affects of intercommunication and interaction that arise in social relations. â€Å"The science of society† was developed as a discipline in the 19th Century by Auguste Compte, a French philosopher. For him, common sense and the obvious would not suffice; he wanted to build scientific theories based on critical awareness of society. The two main stems of sociological concepts are Positivism and Phenomenology. Both Functionalism and Marxism are Positivist theories. This means that philosophies are built by using scientific research methods to create structural perspectives. Positivism is called macro sociology because it looks at society holistically; it also emphasises the power of Society and how this effects man’s behaviour. Positivism was a philosophy from the Modern Era when society was industrial, England’s culture untolerating, the mass media conservative and pro-establishment. Role in society was extremely important; it was traditional and genders specific. Functionalism provided a static view of society. It was rooted in the work of Emile Durkheim, a French Sociologist and during the later stages, Talcott Parsons. Although functionalism was not a dominant theoretical perspective in sociology until the 1940s and 1950s, it first emerged during the 19th Century. Marxism was founded by a German philosopher, economist and sociologist, Karl Marx. Fredrich Engels also contributed to development the works. Marxism offered a radical alternative to the functionalism perspective and was developed in the 1970s. Both perspectives of Marx and Durkheim, aspired for a Utopian society. Functionalism views society like a biological organism. The parts or institutions of the organism or society function appropriately to ensure the whole structure works efficiently and effectively. The whole has greater power than the individual parts. The three main aims and objectives of functionalism are to maintain order, stability and equilibrium in society. Marxism became increasingly influential due to; the decline in functionalism, its promise to provide answers (which functionalism did not) and its mood reflected that of the times. It originally consisted of three related ideas: a philosophical view of man, a theory of history and an economic and political program. The basic principal was that production equals social enterprise. Man needs to produce food, materials, etc†¦ for survival, and in doing so; man enters into relations with other members of society. From a functionalist perspective, the main parts of society (its institutions such as education, religion and the family) are the foundations for social structure. These institutions have interconnected roles and interrelated norms to form a complete system. All of the institutions have a role to meet the functional prerequisites (society’s basic needs). Integration between the parts is necessary so therefor integration is a functional prerequisites in itself. Social relations are organised, in result of values providing general guidelines for behaviour. Functionalist, Talcott Parsons set out four functional prerequisites essential for society: Goal Attainment- setting goals, e. g. Government/Education, Adaptation- development of material world, e. g. Mass Media/Industry, Integration- promoting harmony and social solidarity, e. g. Religion/Family, Latency- meeting individual needs to satisfy demand, e. g. Family/Mass Media. From a Marxist view, the force of production is the collective term for all things needed for production. The means of production are those parts of production which can be legally owned (land, machinery, and slaves†¦ . Society’s infrastructure was made up of the forces of production plus the social relations. The Superstructure includes the institutions of society and is shaped by the infrastructure. This therefor means that the institutions are primarily determined by economic factors. Marxism relates class not to income or family like functionalism does, instead it is measured on how much land, mach inery†¦ is owned and controlled- so it depends on the means of production. The person(s) who had the most means of production are the ruling class. The ruling class produces the dominant ideas in society. Their domination relies heavily on the exploitation and oppression of others. The employer to employee relationship of exploitation is concealed by ideology. Some accept the ruling class conflict as natural and so are lulled into false consciousness. Functionalism relies on social stratification. Kingsley Davis, an American Sociologist and Demographer said â€Å"As a functioning mechanism society must distribute its members in social positions and induce them to perform the duties of these positions†. Without this casting of society’s members, the institutions would be unbalanced and equilibrium could not be reached. Functionalism sees this as a positive and inevitable aspect of society. In Marxism, the lower classes are exploited because they can be. Social change in Functionalism occurs when one of the institutions alters in some way. These changes only come about when society requests it. These changes in institutions cause society to behave, inevitably different. Marx believed all historical societies contain basic contradictions: the exploitation of one social group by another. Perhaps in a way, Marxism is perhaps a little more realistic than functionalism. Therefor, they cannot survive in the existing form. The major frictions are between the forces and the relations of production. A great deal of the wealth, produced by the workforce is appropriated in the forms of profit by the Capitalists- the ruling class. The wages of the workers are not equivalent to the wealth they produce and so the ruling class was exploiting and oppressing the working class. Marx predicted a new and final epoch. A society that would have complete equality. There would be no new force of production but the relations of production will be transformed. The ownership of production would be collective, as the members of society would share the wealth. The ruling class would no longer exploit or oppress the workers. It is interesting how Functionalists see people as unequal a positive thing and Marxists believe it a negative one. Functionalism fails to recognise social change, contrasting to Marxism which recognises and aspires to it. It is a conservative ideology which ignores the dysfunction’s and assumes every institution is positive for society. Marxism, on the other hand, accepts conflict and the arising social problems. The perspective tries to understand how to overcome societies problems by looking back over history and learning from past mistakes. Functionalists assume that everyone in society is in agreement and shares norms. It believes in the power of the institutions to socialise its members so well that deviance is rare. However, every society has deviants and so this statement is a little too confident. Functionalism shows us clearly the primacy of culture and socialisation via the social institution. Marxism underestimated the resilience of Capitalism, for example, Americas tragedy on the 11th September 2001.